In 1947, the 'Mossad le-aliyah bet' (a secret branch of the Hagana devoted to bringing in illegal immigrants, which later evolved into the 'Mossad') managed to make contact with two American pilots who were willing to fly illegal immigrants to Jewish Palestine, in exchange for a hefty fee. The two would be using a Curtiss Commando transport which they owned. On August 20th 1947, the pilots flew Aliyah-bet agent Shlomo Hillel to Baghdad. Hillel carried out some quick organizational work, and at night a group of 50 youths from the 'Hehalutz' movement boarded the plane.